void printStatus(SDL_AudioDeviceID dev)
{
    switch (SDL_GetAudioDeviceStatus(dev))
    {
        case SDL_AUDIO_STOPPED: printf("stopped\n"); break;
        case SDL_AUDIO_PLAYING: printf("playing\n"); break;
        case SDL_AUDIO_PAUSED: printf("paused\n"); break;
        default: printf("???"); break;
    }
}

// device starts paused
SDL_AudioDeviceID dev;
dev = SDL_OpenAudioDevice(NULL, 0, &desired, &obtained, 0);  
if (dev != 0)
{
     printStatus(dev);  // prints "paused"
     SDL_PauseAudioDevice(dev, 0);
     printStatus(dev);  // prints "playing"
     SDL_PauseAudioDevice(dev, 1);
     printStatus(dev);  // prints "paused"
     SDL_CloseAudioDevice(dev);
     printStatus(dev);  // prints "stopped"
}